Aortic Aneurysm (Thoracic)

Aortic Aneurysm (Thoracic) is a condition where the upper part of the main artery from the heart, called the thoracic aorta, becomes abnormally enlarged or bulges. This affects the cardiovascular system and can weaken the artery wall, increasing the risk of serious problems like rupture or dissection. The aneurysm may not cause symptoms initially but can lead to chest pain, difficulty swallowing, or breathing problems if it presses on nearby structures. It is often caused by high blood pressure, genetic conditions, or damage to the artery wall. Early detection is important because a growing aneurysm can lead to life-threatening complications.

Aortic Aneurysm (Thoracic) is defined as a localized dilation of the thoracic aorta exceeding 1.5 times the normal diameter, typically due to degeneration of the aortic media with loss of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells. The pathogenesis often involves atherosclerosis, hypertension, or inherited connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Loeys-Dietz syndrome. The condition is clinically significant because it predisposes to aortic dissection or rupture, which carry high mortality. Thoracic aneurysms can be classified by location (ascending, arch, descending) and morphology (fusiform or saccular). The risk of complications correlates with aneurysm size and growth rate. Diagnosis and monitoring rely on imaging modalities to assess aneurysm dimensions and progression.