Caffeine intoxication
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Overview
Plain-Language Overview
Caffeine intoxication occurs when a person consumes too much caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and some medications. It primarily affects the nervous system, causing symptoms like nervousness, rapid heartbeat, and restlessness. The condition can also impact the digestive system, leading to nausea and stomach upset. People may experience difficulty sleeping and feel jittery or anxious. In severe cases, it can cause more serious problems such as heart rhythm disturbances or seizures.
Clinical Definition
Caffeine intoxication is a clinical syndrome caused by excessive ingestion of caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant that acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist. The condition results from acute or chronic high-dose caffeine exposure, leading to excessive sympathetic nervous system activation. Key features include tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, tremors, and gastrointestinal distress. Severe intoxication can cause cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and psychomotor agitation. The diagnosis is significant due to the widespread availability of caffeine and its potential to cause life-threatening complications in overdose.