Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis is a condition affecting the large intestine, where small pouches called diverticula form in the colon wall. These pouches develop due to increased pressure inside the colon, often related to low fiber intake. Most people with diverticulosis do not experience symptoms, but the presence of these pouches can sometimes lead to complications. The condition mainly affects the digestive system and is common in older adults. It can cause changes in bowel habits or mild abdominal discomfort if irritated. The main health concern is the potential for these pouches to become inflamed or infected, leading to more serious problems.

Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple diverticula, which are sac-like protrusions of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses in the muscularis propria. It is primarily caused by increased intraluminal pressure, often due to a low-fiber diet leading to constipation and segmental colonic contractions. The condition is most commonly found in the sigmoid colon. While often asymptomatic, diverticulosis is clinically significant because it predisposes to diverticulitis, bleeding, and other complications. The pathophysiology involves herniation at points where blood vessels penetrate the muscular layer. It is a common finding in older adults and is associated with Western dietary patterns.