Duodenal Ulcer

Duodenal ulcer is a sore that forms in the lining of the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. It affects the digestive system and can cause symptoms like abdominal pain, especially when the stomach is empty. This condition happens when the protective layer of the duodenum is damaged, allowing stomach acid to create an open sore. Common causes include infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If untreated, it can lead to serious problems like bleeding or perforation. The ulcer can interfere with digestion and cause discomfort that affects daily life.

Duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer characterized by a mucosal defect in the duodenum that extends through the muscularis mucosae. It results primarily from an imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid and pepsin and defensive mechanisms including the mucosal barrier and bicarbonate secretion. The most common etiologies are infection with Helicobacter pylori and chronic use of NSAIDs, which impair mucosal defenses. Clinically, it presents with epigastric pain that is often relieved by food or antacids, and complications can include bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction. Diagnosis and management are critical to prevent morbidity associated with these complications.