Genitourinary Trauma (Urethral Injury)

Genitourinary trauma involving the urethra refers to an injury to the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder. This condition affects the urinary system, which is responsible for removing waste and excess fluids. When the urethra is damaged, it can cause painful urination, difficulty passing urine, or even inability to urinate. The injury often results from accidents such as falls, car crashes, or pelvic fractures. It may also lead to bleeding and swelling in the genital area. Prompt medical evaluation is important because untreated urethral injuries can cause long-term problems with urination and increase the risk of infection.

Genitourinary trauma (urethral injury) is defined as a disruption or tear of the urethral mucosa and surrounding tissues, typically caused by blunt or penetrating trauma. The injury commonly occurs in the setting of pelvic fractures, straddle injuries, or iatrogenic causes such as catheterization. It is classified anatomically into anterior and posterior urethral injuries, with posterior injuries often associated with pelvic fractures. Clinically, patients present with blood at the urethral meatus, inability to void, perineal or scrotal hematoma, and sometimes urinary retention. The major clinical significance lies in the risk of urethral stricture formation, urinary extravasation, and potential long-term complications such as erectile dysfunction. Early recognition and appropriate management are critical to prevent morbidity.