Kidney Stones (Uric Acid)
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Overview
Plain-Language Overview
Kidney Stones (Uric Acid) are hard deposits that form in the kidneys when there is too much uric acid in the urine. These stones affect the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. When stones block the flow of urine, they can cause severe pain, often felt in the side or back. Other symptoms may include blood in the urine and frequent urination. The stones can sometimes pass on their own, but larger stones may cause complications or require medical treatment.
Clinical Definition
Kidney Stones (Uric Acid) are crystalline concretions formed primarily from uric acid, a product of purine metabolism, precipitating in the renal collecting system. The pathogenesis involves persistently acidic urine pH (<5.5), which decreases uric acid solubility, leading to stone formation. Risk factors include hyperuricemia, dehydration, and metabolic conditions such as gout or tumor lysis syndrome. These stones are radiolucent on plain X-rays but visible on CT scans. Clinically, they cause renal colic, hematuria, and potential urinary obstruction, which can lead to infection or renal damage if untreated.