Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition where the body produces too much aldosterone, a hormone that controls salt and water balance. This affects the kidneys and leads to increased retention of sodium and loss of potassium. The excess aldosterone causes high blood pressure and can result in symptoms like muscle weakness and frequent urination. It mainly impacts the endocrine system and cardiovascular health. Early detection is important because it can lead to serious complications if untreated.

Primary hyperaldosteronism is a disorder characterized by autonomous overproduction of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, independent of the renin-angiotensin system. The most common causes include an aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. This excess aldosterone leads to sodium retention, potassium excretion, and hypertension with suppressed plasma renin activity. Clinically, it presents with resistant hypertension and often hypokalemia, although potassium levels can be normal. It is a significant cause of secondary hypertension and is important to identify because it is potentially curable or manageable with targeted therapy.