Congenital and Neonatal
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Congenital and Neonatal conditions
Duodenal AtresiaDuodenal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the duodenum causing bilious vomiting and abdominal distension in newborns, often diagnosed by a double bubble sign on X-ray.Esophageal Atresia with Distal Tracheoesophageal FistulaEsophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula features a blind esophageal pouch and abnormal connection to the trachea causing feeding difficulties and aspiration.Hirschsprung DiseaseHirschsprung Disease is a congenital disorder causing absence of enteric ganglion cells, leading to bowel obstruction and chronic constipation in newborns.Hypertrophic Pyloric StenosisHypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes gastric outlet obstruction in infants due to pyloric muscle hypertrophy, leading to projectile nonbilious vomiting.Jejunal and Ileal AtresiaJejunal and ileal atresia is a congenital intestinal obstruction caused by vascular disruption, leading to bowel discontinuity and neonatal bilious vomiting.Meckel DiverticulumA congenital ileal pouch caused by incomplete vitelline duct closure, often presenting with painless lower GI bleeding in children and diagnosed by Meckel scan.Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal inflammation in neonates, often linked to premature birth and bacterial invasion causing tissue necrosis.Pure Esophageal Atresia (Atresia or Stenosis)Pure esophageal atresia is a congenital defect causing esophageal discontinuity without tracheoesophageal fistula, leading to feeding difficulties and aspiration risk.Pure Tracheoesophageal Fistula (H-type)Pure Tracheoesophageal Fistula (H-type) is a congenital connection between trachea and esophagus without esophageal atresia, causing recurrent respiratory infections.