Congenital Brain and Spine
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Congenital Brain and Spine conditions
AnencephalyAnencephaly is a neural tube defect where major portions of the brain and skull fail to develop, resulting in absence of the forebrain and cranial vault.Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders caused by non-progressive brain injury or malformation during early development, leading to impaired motor function.Chiari I MalformationChiari I Malformation is a structural defect where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, often causing headaches, neck pain, and neurological symptoms.Chiari II MalformationChiari II malformation is a congenital brainstem and cerebellar herniation often linked to myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus in newborns.Dandy-Walker MalformationDandy-Walker Malformation is a congenital brain malformation involving cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle causing hydrocephalus.HoloprosencephalyHoloprosencephaly is a congenital brain malformation where the forebrain fails to divide into two hemispheres, causing facial abnormalities and neurological impairment.LissencephalyLissencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized by smooth cerebral surfaces due to defective neuronal migration, often causing severe developmental delays.MeningoceleMeningocele is a neural tube defect where meninges herniate through a vertebral defect, often diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and associated with spinal cord exposure risk.MyelomeningoceleMyelomeningocele is a neural tube defect where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a vertebral defect, often causing lower limb paralysis and hydrocephalus.MyeloschisisMyeloschisis is a severe neural tube defect where the spinal cord remains open and exposed due to failure of neural fold fusion during embryonic development.Spina Bifida OccultaSpina Bifida Occulta is a mild neural tube defect with incomplete vertebral arch closure, often asymptomatic and detected by a tuft of hair or dimple over the spine.