Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is a condition that can happen after a person receives a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. It involves the immune system, where the donated cells attack the recipient's body. This mainly affects the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms like rash, jaundice, and diarrhea. The disease occurs because the new immune cells recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign. GVHD can range from mild to severe and can significantly impact overall health. It is a serious complication that requires careful medical attention.

Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is an immune-mediated condition that occurs when donor-derived T lymphocytes recognize recipient tissues as foreign and mount an immune response. It is a common complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The core pathology involves donor immune cells attacking host epithelial tissues, primarily affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. GVHD is classified as acute or chronic based on timing and clinical features. Acute GVHD typically presents within 100 days post-transplant with maculopapular rash, hepatitis, and diarrhea, while chronic GVHD resembles autoimmune disorders with fibrosis and organ dysfunction. The condition significantly increases morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients.