Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis is a condition that affects the kidneys, specifically the tiny filtering units called glomeruli. It involves widespread inflammation and increased cell growth within these filters, which can impair their ability to clean the blood properly. This condition often leads to symptoms like blood in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. The inflammation can cause the kidneys to leak protein and red blood cells, which are signs of kidney damage. If untreated, it may progress to more serious kidney problems, affecting overall health and fluid balance.

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis is characterized by widespread proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells within the glomeruli, affecting more than 50% of glomeruli in kidney biopsy samples. It is commonly caused by immune complex deposition, often secondary to systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or post-infectious glomerulonephritis. The immune complexes trigger an inflammatory response leading to glomerular injury, capillary wall thickening, and impaired filtration. Clinically, it presents with nephritic syndrome, including hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and reduced kidney function. This condition is significant due to its potential to cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease if not promptly managed.