Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral Reflux is a condition affecting the urinary system where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes the kidneys. This backward flow can cause urinary tract infections and may lead to kidney damage if untreated. The condition is often diagnosed in children and can be due to a problem with the valve mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder. Symptoms may include frequent urinary infections, fever, and pain during urination. Early detection is important to prevent complications such as kidney scarring and impaired kidney function.

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and renal pelvis due to an incompetent or malformed ureterovesical junction. The primary mechanism involves failure of the valve-like flap that normally prevents backflow during bladder contraction. VUR is commonly congenital but can also be acquired secondary to bladder outlet obstruction or infection. It is clinically significant because it predisposes to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and can cause progressive renal damage, including renal scarring and hypertension. The condition is graded I to V based on the extent of reflux and renal involvement. Early identification and management are crucial to prevent long-term renal impairment.