Infection-related Glomerulonephritis

Infection-related Glomerulonephritis is a kidney condition that happens after an infection, often affecting the tiny filters in the kidneys called glomeruli. These filters help clean the blood by removing waste and extra fluids. When they become inflamed due to an infection, it can cause symptoms like blood in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. This condition mainly affects the urinary system and can temporarily reduce kidney function. It usually develops after infections such as a sore throat or skin infection caused by bacteria. The inflammation is the body's response to infection, but it can interfere with the kidney's ability to work properly. Most people recover fully, but it can sometimes lead to more serious kidney problems.

Infection-related Glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an immune-mediated glomerular disease characterized by glomerular inflammation following an infection, typically caused by immune complex deposition in the glomeruli. It most commonly occurs after infections with Streptococcus pyogenes but can also follow other bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. The pathogenesis involves circulating or in situ immune complexes that activate complement pathways, leading to glomerular injury and nephritic syndrome. Clinically, IRGN presents with hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. It is a significant cause of acute glomerulonephritis, especially in children and older adults. Histologically, it shows diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with characteristic subepithelial humps on electron microscopy. The condition is important to recognize due to its potential for acute kidney injury and the need to identify and treat the underlying infection.