Coronary Artery Disease (NSTEMI)

Coronary Artery Disease (NSTEMI) is a heart condition where the blood flow to the heart muscle is partially blocked, usually due to narrowed or clogged arteries. This affects the heart's ability to get enough oxygen, which can cause chest pain or discomfort known as angina. Unlike a full heart attack, the blockage is not complete, so the heart muscle is damaged but not completely killed. This condition involves the cardiovascular system and can lead to serious complications if untreated. Symptoms often include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. It is important to recognize these signs as they indicate the heart is under stress and needs medical evaluation.

Coronary Artery Disease (NSTEMI) is defined as myocardial ischemia and injury caused by partial occlusion of a coronary artery, typically due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture with superimposed non-occlusive thrombus formation. This results in subendocardial myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. The pathophysiology involves plaque instability, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation leading to reduced coronary blood flow. Clinically, it presents with acute chest pain, elevated cardiac biomarkers (troponins), and ischemic ECG changes without ST elevation. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the risk of progression to full-thickness infarction or sudden cardiac death. Prompt diagnosis and management are critical to limit myocardial damage and improve outcomes.