Tricuspid Regurgitation

Tricuspid Regurgitation is a heart condition where the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle does not close properly. This causes blood to flow backward into the right atrium when the heart pumps, which can affect how well the heart works. The heart is part of the cardiovascular system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. When this valve leaks, it can lead to symptoms like swelling in the legs, fatigue, and irregular heartbeats. Over time, the heart may become enlarged and less efficient. This condition can result from damage to the valve or the heart muscle. Managing this condition is important to prevent complications related to heart function.

Tricuspid Regurgitation is defined as the incompetence of the tricuspid valve leading to retrograde blood flow from the right ventricle into the right atrium during systole. The core pathology involves valvular insufficiency caused by either primary valve leaflet abnormalities or secondary annular dilation due to right ventricular enlargement. Common causes include rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, carcinoid syndrome, and functional regurgitation secondary to pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular failure. The clinical significance lies in the resultant volume overload of the right atrium and ventricle, which can cause right-sided heart failure and systemic venous congestion. Physical exam findings often include a holosystolic murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border and signs of elevated jugular venous pressure. Chronic severe regurgitation can lead to atrial fibrillation and hepatic congestion.