Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition that affects the heart muscle, causing it to become enlarged and weakened. This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. The main problem is that the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, becomes stretched and thin. This can lead to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs due to poor blood circulation. Over time, the heart's reduced ability to pump blood can cause serious complications such as heart failure or irregular heartbeats. The condition can affect people of all ages and may be caused by genetic factors, infections, or other health problems.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions such as hypertension or valvular disease. The core pathology involves myocyte injury leading to progressive ventricular enlargement and impaired contractility, primarily affecting the left ventricle but often involving both ventricles. Common etiologies include genetic mutations (e.g., in TTN or LMNA), viral myocarditis, toxic exposures (e.g., alcohol, chemotherapy), and idiopathic causes. Clinically, DCM is significant due to its association with heart failure, arrhythmias, and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The disease often presents with symptoms of low cardiac output and congestion, and it is a leading indication for heart transplantation.