Coronary Artery Disease (Stable Angina)

Coronary Artery Disease (Stable Angina) is a condition that affects the heart's blood vessels, specifically the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. It occurs when these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, which reduces blood flow. This reduced blood flow can cause chest pain or discomfort, especially during physical activity or stress, because the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen. The main system involved is the cardiovascular system, and the condition can impact overall heart function. Symptoms typically improve with rest or medication that relaxes the arteries. Stable angina is a warning sign of underlying heart disease and can increase the risk of heart attacks.

Coronary Artery Disease (Stable Angina) is characterized by transient myocardial ischemia due to fixed atherosclerotic narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries. The core pathology involves atherosclerosis, which leads to luminal stenosis and impaired coronary blood flow during increased oxygen demand. This ischemia manifests clinically as exertional chest pain or discomfort that is predictable and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The condition is distinguished from unstable angina by its stable pattern and absence of acute plaque rupture or thrombosis. It is a major cause of morbidity due to its potential progression to myocardial infarction and heart failure. Diagnosis and management focus on symptom control and prevention of cardiovascular events.