Avascular Necrosis of Bone (Femoral Head)

Avascular necrosis of the bone, especially the femoral head, is a condition where the blood supply to the bone is disrupted, causing the bone tissue to die. This affects the hip joint, which is crucial for walking and movement. Without enough blood, the bone weakens and can collapse, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and joint damage. It often starts with mild symptoms but can progress to severe disability if untreated. The condition mainly impacts the skeletal system and can significantly affect a person's quality of life.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is characterized by the death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply, commonly caused by trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, or idiopathic factors. The core pathology involves ischemic injury leading to osteocyte death, subchondral bone collapse, and secondary arthritis. It primarily affects the weight-bearing femoral head, resulting in progressive joint dysfunction and pain. Early stages may be asymptomatic or present with mild discomfort, while advanced disease shows joint collapse and severe disability. The condition is significant because it can lead to irreversible joint damage requiring surgical intervention such as total hip arthroplasty.