Radial Head Subluxation

Radial Head Subluxation, often called nursemaid's elbow, is a common injury in young children affecting the elbow joint. It happens when the radius bone in the forearm partially slips out of its normal position at the elbow. This injury usually occurs after a sudden pull on the child's arm, such as when lifting or swinging them by the hand. The main effect is that the child may refuse to use the affected arm due to pain and discomfort. Although it can be alarming, this condition does not cause permanent damage if treated promptly. The injury involves the ligaments around the elbow and affects the movement of the arm. It is important to recognize the signs early to restore normal arm function quickly.

Radial Head Subluxation is a pediatric injury characterized by the partial dislocation of the radial head from the annular ligament at the elbow joint. It typically results from a sudden longitudinal traction force applied to an extended and pronated forearm, causing the annular ligament to slip over the radial head. This leads to entrapment of the ligament between the radial head and the capitellum, resulting in pain and limited forearm movement. The condition is most common in children aged 1 to 4 years due to ligamentous laxity and immature joint anatomy. Clinically, it presents with the child holding the arm slightly flexed and pronated, refusing to use it. The injury is significant because it can cause acute functional impairment but usually resolves rapidly with appropriate reduction. Radiographs are often normal, making clinical diagnosis essential.