Full-thickness burn (Epidermis and full-thickness dermis)

Full-thickness burn involves damage to both the epidermis and the entire dermis, which are the top layers of the skin. This type of burn affects the skin's ability to protect the body from infection and regulate temperature. Because the injury destroys nerve endings, it often causes little to no pain at the site. The skin may appear white, leathery, or charred, and the area cannot heal on its own without medical intervention. These burns can lead to serious complications such as fluid loss, infection, and scarring. The skin is a vital part of the integumentary system, which acts as a barrier and helps maintain overall health.

Full-thickness burn is a severe burn injury characterized by destruction of the entire epidermis and dermis, often extending into subcutaneous tissues. It results from exposure to intense heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. The burn causes loss of skin appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands, leading to impaired skin regeneration. Clinically, the affected area appears dry, leathery, and may be white, brown, or black with absent capillary refill and sensation due to nerve destruction. These burns carry a high risk of complications including infection, fluid loss, and hypovolemic shock. Management often requires surgical intervention such as excision and skin grafting to restore skin integrity and function.