Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin and sometimes other organs. It involves the growth of abnormal blood vessel cells, leading to purple or brown patches or nodules on the skin. This condition primarily affects the skin, but can also involve the lymph nodes, lungs, and digestive tract. It is caused by infection with a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are more likely to develop this disease. The main health impact is the appearance of lesions that can cause discomfort and may spread to internal organs, affecting their function.

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped endothelial cells infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It commonly presents as violaceous macules, plaques, or nodules on the skin but can also involve mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and visceral organs. The pathogenesis involves HHV-8-mediated oncogenesis in the setting of immunosuppression, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS or those on immunosuppressive therapy. There are several epidemiologic variants, including classic, endemic (African), iatrogenic (transplant-related), and epidemic (AIDS-related) forms. The disease is clinically significant due to its potential for widespread dissemination and morbidity related to organ involvement and immune status.