Central Vertigo

Central vertigo is a condition that affects the brain areas responsible for balance and spatial orientation, primarily the brainstem and cerebellum. It causes a sensation of spinning or dizziness that is different from vertigo caused by inner ear problems. This condition can lead to difficulties with walking, coordination, and eye movements. Unlike peripheral vertigo, central vertigo often comes with other neurological symptoms such as weakness or numbness. The main health impact is impaired balance and increased risk of falls, which can affect daily activities and safety.

Central vertigo is a neurological disorder characterized by a false sensation of movement or spinning due to dysfunction in the central vestibular pathways, including the brainstem and cerebellum. It is commonly caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis, tumors, or infections affecting these central structures. The condition is distinguished from peripheral vertigo by the presence of additional neurological deficits such as diplopia, dysarthria, or limb ataxia. Central vertigo often presents with nystagmus that is purely vertical or direction-changing and does not suppress with visual fixation. It is clinically significant because it may indicate serious underlying pathology requiring urgent evaluation.