Chalazion

Chalazion is a common eye condition that affects the eyelids, specifically involving the oil glands. It appears as a small, painless lump or swelling on the eyelid, caused by a blocked gland that leads to inflammation. This condition primarily affects the eyelid's meibomian glands, which produce oils that help keep the eyes moist. Unlike infections, a chalazion is usually not painful and does not cause redness of the entire eyelid. It can cause discomfort or irritation if it grows large enough to press on the eye. The main health impact is cosmetic and mild irritation, but it can sometimes interfere with vision if it becomes very large. Treatment often involves managing the blockage and inflammation.

Chalazion is a chronic, localized, sterile granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland in the eyelid caused by obstruction of the gland's duct. The blockage leads to retention of lipid secretions, resulting in a firm, painless nodule within the tarsal plate. It is distinct from an acute hordeolum, which is an infectious process usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The granulomatous reaction involves infiltration by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells around the retained lipid material. Clinically, it presents as a slowly enlarging, non-tender eyelid mass that may cause cosmetic deformity or mechanical ptosis. The condition is significant because it can mimic other eyelid lesions and may require differentiation from malignancies. Chronic inflammation can lead to fibrosis if untreated.