Myeloschisis

Myeloschisis is a rare birth defect affecting the spinal cord and surrounding tissues. It occurs when the spinal cord fails to close properly during early development, leaving the nerve tissue exposed. This condition is part of a group called neural tube defects and primarily impacts the nervous system. Because the spinal cord is exposed, it can lead to serious problems such as paralysis, loss of sensation, and difficulties with bladder and bowel control. The severity depends on the location and extent of the defect. Early detection is important for understanding the potential health challenges.

Myeloschisis is a severe form of spina bifida characterized by a failure of the neural folds to fuse during the fourth week of embryonic development, resulting in an open spinal cord without a protective membrane. This defect leads to direct exposure of the neural tissue to the amniotic fluid, causing damage and impaired neurological function. It is caused by incomplete closure of the caudal neuropore and is associated with folate deficiency and genetic factors. Clinically, it presents with motor and sensory deficits below the lesion level, often accompanied by hydrocephalus and orthopedic deformities. The exposed spinal cord is vulnerable to infection and trauma, making it a critical congenital malformation with significant morbidity.