Leukocoria

Leukocoria is a condition where the pupil, normally black, appears white or has a white reflection. It involves the eye, specifically the retina or lens, and can be a sign of serious underlying problems. This white pupillary reflex can indicate conditions like retinoblastoma, a type of eye cancer, or cataracts, which cloud the lens. It may also be caused by infections or retinal detachment. Detecting leukocoria early is important because it affects vision and overall eye health. Parents often notice it in photographs where the eye reflects white instead of red. Prompt evaluation by an eye specialist is crucial to determine the cause and prevent vision loss or other complications.

Leukocoria is defined as an abnormal white pupillary reflex caused by a variety of intraocular pathologies that obstruct the normal red reflex. It results from light reflecting off abnormal structures such as a retinal tumor, vitreous hemorrhage, or congenital cataract. The condition is most commonly associated with retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor of the retina in children, but can also indicate other serious disorders like Coats disease, persistent fetal vasculature, or advanced retinal detachment. Leukocoria is a critical clinical sign because it often represents a vision-threatening or life-threatening condition. The presence of leukocoria warrants urgent ophthalmologic evaluation to identify the underlying cause and initiate appropriate management. It is a key finding in pediatric eye exams and can be detected by the red reflex test.