Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is a type of brain tumor that affects the central nervous system. It is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer in adults. This tumor grows rapidly and invades surrounding brain tissue, which can cause symptoms like headaches, seizures, and changes in personality or motor skills. Because it affects the brain, it can impact many important functions such as movement, speech, and memory. The tumor’s aggressive nature makes it difficult to treat and often leads to serious health problems. Early detection and diagnosis are important for managing the disease.

Glioblastoma is a WHO grade IV astrocytoma characterized by highly malignant, infiltrative growth of neoplastic astrocytes. It arises from glial cells in the central nervous system and is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The pathogenesis involves genetic alterations such as amplification of EGFR, mutation of TP53, and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10. Histologically, it shows marked cellular pleomorphism, necrosis with pseudopalisading, and microvascular proliferation. Clinically, it presents with rapidly progressive neurological deficits due to mass effect and infiltration. Its prognosis is poor due to resistance to conventional therapies and high recurrence rates.