Epidural Hematoma

Epidural Hematoma is a serious condition where blood collects between the skull and the outer layer of the brain called the dura mater. It usually happens after a head injury that causes a blood vessel to rupture, leading to pressure on the brain. This pressure can cause symptoms like a severe headache, confusion, weakness, or loss of consciousness. The brain is part of the central nervous system, and increased pressure can damage brain tissue and affect vital functions. Immediate medical attention is critical because the condition can worsen quickly. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests to see the blood collection. Treatment typically requires surgery to remove the blood and relieve pressure.

Epidural Hematoma (EDH) is a type of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage characterized by the accumulation of blood in the potential space between the inner table of the skull and the dura mater. It most commonly results from a rupture of the middle meningeal artery due to a temporal bone fracture following blunt head trauma. The expanding hematoma causes mass effect and increased intracranial pressure, leading to rapid neurological deterioration. Clinically, patients may present with a lucid interval followed by loss of consciousness, headache, vomiting, and focal neurological deficits. EDH is a neurosurgical emergency because delayed treatment can result in herniation and death. The condition is distinguished from other intracranial hemorrhages by its characteristic biconvex (lentiform) shape on imaging.