Duodenal Atresia

Duodenal atresia is a birth defect affecting the small intestine, specifically the first part called the duodenum. It occurs when the duodenum does not develop properly and is blocked or closed, preventing food from passing through the digestive tract. This blockage causes symptoms like vomiting, often with bile, and difficulty feeding shortly after birth. The condition affects the body's ability to digest and absorb nutrients normally, leading to problems with growth and hydration. It is usually diagnosed soon after birth due to these symptoms and requires medical evaluation. The digestive system is the main body system involved, and the blockage can cause serious complications if untreated.

Duodenal atresia is a congenital malformation characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the duodenal lumen due to failure of recanalization during embryonic development. This results in a blind-ending duodenum that prevents passage of gastric contents into the distal small intestine. It is commonly associated with other congenital anomalies such as Down syndrome and polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Clinically, it presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and feeding intolerance in the neonatal period. Radiographically, it is classically identified by the double bubble sign on abdominal X-ray, representing a distended stomach and proximal duodenum. The condition requires prompt diagnosis and surgical correction to prevent complications like electrolyte imbalances and aspiration.