Proctitis

Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. This condition affects the digestive system and can cause symptoms like rectal pain, bleeding, and a frequent urge to have a bowel movement. It may result from infections, inflammatory diseases, or radiation therapy. The inflammation can make it uncomfortable to pass stool and may lead to other complications if untreated. Understanding the cause is important for managing the symptoms and preventing further damage.

Proctitis is defined as inflammation of the rectal mucosa, typically caused by infectious agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Herpes simplex virus, inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis, or radiation exposure. The core pathology involves mucosal edema, erythema, and ulceration leading to symptoms such as rectal bleeding, tenesmus, and mucous discharge. It is clinically significant due to its impact on bowel function and potential to cause chronic complications like strictures or fistulas. Diagnosis requires distinguishing infectious from noninfectious causes to guide appropriate therapy. The condition is often associated with sexually transmitted infections in younger adults and with autoimmune processes in chronic cases.