Jejunal and Ileal Atresia

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia is a condition affecting the small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum sections. It occurs when part of the intestine is missing or blocked, preventing food from passing through properly. This leads to problems with digestion and absorption of nutrients. Babies with this condition often have symptoms like vomiting, abdominal swelling, and inability to pass stool. It is a serious condition that requires medical attention soon after birth to restore normal intestinal function. The main concern is that the blockage can cause severe discomfort and prevent normal growth and development.

Jejunal and Ileal Atresia is a congenital obstruction of the small intestine caused by a developmental failure resulting in complete or partial absence of a segment of the jejunum or ileum. The core pathology involves vascular disruption during fetal development leading to ischemic necrosis and resorption of the affected bowel segment. This results in a blind-ending proximal bowel and absence or discontinuity of the distal segment. It is a major cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and failure to pass meconium. The condition is classified into types based on the anatomical pattern of atresia. Early diagnosis and surgical correction are critical to prevent complications such as bowel perforation and sepsis.