Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus, often affecting the pelvic organs such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This misplaced tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, causing painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, and sometimes infertility. The abnormal tissue can form cysts called endometriomas and cause inflammation and scar tissue. It primarily affects women of reproductive age and can significantly impact quality of life. The main health concern is the persistent pain and reproductive difficulties it causes.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and uterosacral ligaments. The pathogenesis involves retrograde menstruation, immune dysfunction, and possibly genetic predisposition leading to implantation and growth of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations. This ectopic tissue undergoes cyclic bleeding, causing inflammation, fibrosis, and formation of adhesions. Clinically, it presents with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. The disease is significant due to its impact on reproductive health and chronic pain management.