Ovarian Tumors (Thecoma)

Ovarian tumors (thecoma) are a type of growth that develops in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. These tumors arise from the cells that produce hormones, specifically the cells that make estrogen. Because of this, they can cause changes in hormone levels, leading to symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding or menstrual irregularities. Thecomas are usually benign, meaning they are not cancerous and tend to grow slowly. They may sometimes cause pelvic pain or a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests and blood work to evaluate hormone levels. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Ovarian tumors (thecoma) are rare, benign sex cord-stromal tumors composed predominantly of lipid-laden theca cells that produce estrogen. They arise from the ovarian stroma and are part of the broader group of sex cord-stromal tumors, which also includes granulosa cell tumors and fibromas. Thecomas typically present in postmenopausal women and are associated with hyperestrogenism, which can lead to endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma due to unopposed estrogen stimulation. Grossly, the tumors are solid, yellow, and well-circumscribed. Histologically, they show spindle-shaped cells with lipid droplets and positive staining for inhibin and calretinin. Thecomas are clinically significant because of their hormonal activity and potential to cause abnormal uterine bleeding or endometrial pathology.