Postpartum Hemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious condition that occurs when a woman loses a large amount of blood after giving birth. It affects the reproductive system, specifically the uterus, which normally contracts to stop bleeding after delivery. When these contractions are weak or the uterus is injured, excessive bleeding can happen. This blood loss can lead to low blood pressure, dizziness, and in severe cases, shock. It is one of the leading causes of maternal complications worldwide. Recognizing the signs of heavy bleeding quickly is crucial for preventing serious health problems. The condition requires urgent medical attention to control the bleeding and stabilize the mother.

Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss exceeding 500 mL after vaginal delivery or 1000 mL after cesarean section within the first 24 hours postpartum. The core pathology involves uterine atony, where the uterus fails to contract effectively, leading to continued bleeding from the placental site. Other causes include trauma to the birth canal, retained placental tissue, and coagulation disorders. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality due to hypovolemic shock and organ failure if untreated. The condition typically presents with excessive vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement, and signs of hypovolemia. Prompt identification and management are critical to prevent progression to severe hemorrhagic shock.