Ovarian Cysts (Corpus Luteal Cyst)

Ovarian cysts (corpus luteal cyst) are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. These cysts form after ovulation when the corpus luteum, a temporary structure that produces hormones, fills with fluid instead of breaking down. Most corpus luteal cysts are harmless and often go away on their own without causing symptoms. However, they can sometimes cause pelvic pain, bloating, or irregular menstrual cycles. In rare cases, a cyst may rupture or cause ovarian torsion, leading to sudden, severe pain and requiring urgent medical attention. The condition mainly affects women of reproductive age and is related to the normal menstrual cycle.

Ovarian cysts (corpus luteal cyst) are functional cysts arising from the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation from the ruptured follicle. Normally, the corpus luteum involutes if pregnancy does not occur, but in this condition, it persists and accumulates fluid or blood, leading to cyst formation. These cysts are typically unilateral and range from 1 to 3 cm but can be larger. They are hormonally active, producing progesterone, and may cause symptoms such as pelvic pain or menstrual irregularities. Complications include cyst rupture and ovarian torsion, which can present with acute abdomen. Diagnosis is important to differentiate from other ovarian masses, including neoplastic cysts.