Endometritis

Endometritis is an infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. This condition affects the female reproductive system and can cause symptoms such as fever, pelvic pain, and abnormal vaginal discharge. It often occurs after childbirth, miscarriage, or certain medical procedures involving the uterus. The infection can interfere with normal uterine function and may lead to complications if untreated. The main concern is that the inflammation can spread, causing more serious pelvic infections or fertility problems.

Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrial lining of the uterus, typically caused by an ascending polymicrobial infection involving aerobic and anaerobic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Gardnerella vaginalis. It commonly occurs postpartum, post-abortion, or after intrauterine instrumentation. The core pathology involves infiltration of the endometrium by neutrophils and other inflammatory cells, leading to tissue edema and necrosis. Clinically, it presents with fever, uterine tenderness, and abnormal vaginal discharge. If untreated, it can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease or abscess formation, posing risks to fertility and systemic health. Diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to prevent these complications.