Ovarian Cysts (Follicular Cyst)

Ovarian cysts (follicular cysts) are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. These cysts form when a follicle, which normally releases an egg during the menstrual cycle, fails to rupture and instead continues to grow. Most follicular cysts are benign and often cause no symptoms, but they can sometimes lead to pelvic pain or discomfort. They are common in women of reproductive age and usually resolve on their own without treatment. The presence of these cysts can affect menstrual regularity and occasionally cause complications like cyst rupture or ovarian torsion. Understanding these cysts helps explain some causes of pelvic symptoms and guides appropriate medical evaluation.

Ovarian cysts (follicular cysts) are functional cysts arising from the failure of a dominant ovarian follicle to rupture during the normal ovulatory cycle, resulting in a fluid-filled sac lined by granulosa cells. They represent the most common type of benign ovarian cyst and are typically less than 3 cm but can enlarge significantly. The pathophysiology involves disrupted follicular rupture, often due to hormonal imbalances affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Clinically, they are significant because they may cause pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, or acute abdomen if complicated by rupture or torsion. Follicular cysts are distinguished from other ovarian masses by their thin walls and lack of solid components. They are important to recognize as they usually resolve spontaneously and rarely require surgical intervention.