Lactational Mastitis

Lactational mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that commonly occurs during breastfeeding. It affects the breast ducts and surrounding tissue, causing pain, swelling, and redness. This condition can make breastfeeding uncomfortable and may lead to fever and flu-like symptoms. The infection usually happens when bacteria enter through a cracked nipple or milk stasis. It primarily involves the immune system's response to the infection, leading to inflammation. Early recognition is important to prevent complications such as abscess formation. The main health impact is localized breast pain and systemic symptoms that can affect a mother's ability to breastfeed.

Lactational mastitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the breast occurring during lactation, characterized by infection and inflammation of the mammary gland. It is most commonly caused by bacterial invasion, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus species, entering through nipple fissures or milk stasis. The pathophysiology involves ductal obstruction and bacterial proliferation, triggering a robust inflammatory response with localized erythema, edema, and tenderness. Clinically, it presents with unilateral breast pain, swelling, warmth, and systemic signs such as fever and malaise. If untreated, it can progress to a breast abscess, a serious complication requiring drainage. The condition is significant due to its impact on breastfeeding continuation and maternal morbidity.